I think I have damaged hair. Help please?

My hair does not seem the way it used to be. When I try to style my hair, hair strands stray out and tend not to stay together. It's like i gel my hair regularly but then hair strands stick out from everything else and it gets really frustrating. And I've tried various hair styling products like various brands and contents like gels, mousse, pomades, etc.

My hair is also like this after I dry my hair after I shower. A good portion of my hair stays down while some rebellious strands stick out.

When I took a closer look, some of my hair strands looked very weird. I had some that were twisted, curvy, bent, etc. Some are shaped Like S's and J's. I think I have damaged hair. What products (shampoos, conditioners, stylers, etc.) do you recommend for my hair to help fix the problem? Something preferbly inexpensive and that I could buy at any supermarket and cutting my hair really really short is not an option.

Thanks.